Should you take photos everywhere?

Choosing when to take photos and when to leave your camera in its bag can be a difficult one at times.

By Haje Jan Kamps

In a recent post by my Pixiq colleague Carlos Miller, he challenges an art gallery where an art exhibition is taking place. The exhibition is a woman who is living naked in a glass box with some pigs.

Without commenting on whether it's a great art piece (I think it's a bit heavy-handed on the symbolism, myself; it sounds like the performing arts project of a high-schooler, with all the obvious connotations of gender roles, nudity, etc), the key point here is that the gallery stenciled 'Photography Not Permitted' on the glass cage they live in.

In the video in the YouTube, Miller is interviewing an animal rights activist, who wants to go in and take photos. Whilst the animal rights activist might have their own agenda, Miller writes that "I decided to head out there and hope [a security guard] would dare grab my lens. I don't play that game." In other words, he's heading in there in the name of freedom of photography.

Reasons for limiting photography

It's easy to think of a few reasons for why photography would be limited in this set of circumstances.

Photography interfering with the art experience - Perhaps the artist has identified that, in today's day and age, the impact of a hundred cell-phone cameras might destroy the impact of the artwork. In allowing photography, you might find that there are a constant barrage of flashes, or people coming up to the glass, blocking the view for other viewers.

The 'art-interference' angle, I believe, is the most likely explanation in this case; the security guard explains on video that she has her own photographer covering the event, and from an article in the Huffington Post, appears that press photos are available upon request. In other words: She is not shy about her nudity, or about being seen, naked, with pigs.

Is increasingly becoming more common to ban photography outright from art exhibits, and I don't think that's such a bad thing. You wouldn't expect to be able to take photos in most museums, for example. It's similar to why you wouldn't take photos at a theatre performance: Doing so would be detrimental both to your own enjoyment and to that of other theatre-goers. The arts (and especially performance arts, which change on a minute-to-minute basis) is there to be enjoyed, reflected upon, and thought about; a process that gets harder if you are surrounded with 300 camera phones and SLR cameras clicking away.

In this particular case with the art gallery, I genuinely can't see a single reason to take photos, other than "because they told me not to". If you need to illustrate a point, press photos are available. If you need to take additional photos for any reason, there are PR people there you can talk to to arrange a photo session that doesn't interfere with the artwork in progress.

Copyright - Another possible argument is that of copyright; since it is an art installation, it could be argued that any photos taken of the art installation would be derivative works, and therefore infringing on copyright. In this particular case, copyright a pretty weak argument against photography on the whole; as there is an news angle is in this case - that of animal rights - copyright wouldn't apply for editorial use.

Respect - It's hard to say, but it could be argued that the art exhibit is partially about photography itself: In a world where we get reality TV drivel pumped into our televisions 24/7, is it a comment on what is 'real' and what is not? Is it a comment on pornography, perhaps 'naked girls and pigs'? It could very well be that the 'no photography' sign isn't a coincidental part of the exhibit. Art is how you perceive it, and for some, it might be the exhibit. Maybe the artist is commenting on respect and the media as part of her piece?

Choosing whether to take photos of not

Personally, I think it's important that we have freedom of photography, and we should fight for it. However, with great rights come great responsibilities, and as photographers, I believe it is our obligation to be professional about how we do our jobs as news or art photographers.

If someone asks you not to take photos, what goes through your mind? Do you immediately think "Fuck you, it's my right to point my camera at anything I want", or is the thought process more intricate than that? Do you think "Hmm, I wonder why they are asking me not to take photographs" and "if I were in the same situation, how would I deal with photography?"

If we're talking first amendment rights, most of us don't graffiti walls, we don't use bullhorns at 4am in the morning, and we don't shout 'fire' in a crowded theatre. Why? Because doing either of these things would be an utterly un-cool thing to do. Destroying property in the name of the first amendment? Keeping people awake in the name of the first amendment? Causing danger in the name of the first amendment? Of course not.

The first reaction to a "no photography" sign shouldn't be to reach for your camera. It should be to question 'why', and wonder if perhaps there might be something to this request not to take photos.

To put it differently: I'm a photographer. A passionate one. But if you are the photographer who causes a huge brouhaha by deciding to take photos at an event or a location where you've been asked not to, I will think less of you. Why? Because you're making all of us look bad.

Photo Credit: No Photography (cc) by Banalities on Flickr.


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Comments

Carlos Miller - Photography is Not a Crime
Pixiq Expert

In this case, the hired security guards had been physically preventing people from taking photos by grabbing their lenses.

That is what I was told.

And considering I've had that happen to me numerous times and I've written about it happening to other people numerous times, I believed it.

So I went out there to see if they would do the same to me to expose and educate them.

As you saw, they did not try to physically prevent me from taking pictures because we had two video cameras rolling and because they probably realized we weren't going to allow ourselves to be intimidated.

Bob

Putting up "no photography" signs in a public space is the same as putting up "no looking" signs. The artist is in the wrong here, not Carlos. She doesn't own the public space outside of her display. Her security guards are breaking the law by harassing photographers.

Tim

We are not told that it's a public space; we are told that it's an art gallery, from which it would be reasonable to assume it is *not* a public space.

Bob

The gallery is open to the public, and the gallery has specified that there are no restrictions on photography.

Haje Jan Kamps
Pixiq Expert

"open to the public" does not mean "public space". Supermarkets are open to the public, for example, but can hardly be argued to be "public space"

For copyright to apply the art must be in a fixed and tangible form. This work of art does not qualify for copyright therefore any photos could not be considered derivative works of a copyrighted work.

I also think you have it wrong when you say that you will think less of a photographer who causes a problem when asked not to take photos. You should thank those photographers (ie: Carlos) for sticking their necks out to make a point. If this isn't done then our rights as photographer will be eroded to the point of being nonexistent.

In a world where the right to take images seems to be wrongly challenged on a daily basis both by citizens and police I applaud those who make a stand. In the long run they will be the ones who make it possible for me to continue to photograph.

Haje Jan Kamps
Pixiq Expert

I'm not sure if I completely agree with you there, Scott; it could be argued that when she walked into the box, she had a theatre performance, and that whilst it is fluent and in motion, it could conceivably be that she had written herself a 'script', which could be copyrighteable (script: "Naked woman in box surrounded by pigs"), and that any photos of that work could be considered to be derivative works.

I know it's tentative, but as I mentioned in the article; it's a weak argument, because news gathering would trump it.

"you have it wrong when you say that you will think less of a photographer"

I think I know perfectly well what I think less of and what I do not.

"You wouldn't expect to be able to take photos in most museums, for example."

Really Haje? You mean places like say, the Boston Museum of fine arts? Oh, that's right, they actually do allow photography there. How about say, the Smithsonian, I bet no photography allowed there right Haje? Oopppsie
From: http://americanart.si.edu/reynolds_center/faq.cfm#faq_10
"Handheld photography and video for personal use are permitted in the permanent collection galleries, and in the Luce Foundation Center, but not in special exhibitions or in the Lunder Conservation Center. No tripods are allowed. Commercial use must be pre-arranged with the museums' Public Affairs Offices."

Lets go to NYC's Metropolitan Museum of Art!! Bet they don't allow any photog riff raff there right Haje. Ohhhh, so sorry, WRONG AGAIN!
http://www.metmuseum.org/visit/plan-your-visit/visitor-tips-and-policies
"Still photography is permitted for private, noncommercial use only in the Museum's galleries devoted to the permanent collection. Photographs cannot be published, sold, reproduced, transferred, distributed, or otherwise commercially exploited in any manner whatsoever. Photography is not permitted in special exhibitions or areas designated as "No Photography"; works of art on loan from private collections or other institutions may not be photographed."

So the general rule of thumb is no flash, tripods, of photographing special exhibitions, as the museum does not own those, but YES you CAN photograph the main exhibit. Sorry again Haje, I don't have the time to check on EVERY museum, but I would say three of the most famous U.S. museums are pretty good examples. Maybe your home towns local Museum doesn't allow photography, too bad 4 U Haje.

"If we're talking first amendment rights, most of us don't graffiti walls, we don't use bullhorns at 4am in the morning, and we don't shout 'fire' in a crowded theatre."

Most of us don't take a diarrhea shit on a public street either, what the fuck does ANY of that have to do with exercising ones LEGAL 1st amendment right to take photographs in public? The examples you provided are all of illegal activities, the last potentially causing great harm to many people by the utterance of a malicious lie.
So just how is a photographer causing deaths? I would argue that by photographing police and ignoring their orders to stop, you could be SAVING someone from harm, or at the very least preventing the officers from LYING about the incident later. But you wouldn't know about that would you Haje, unlike mean old Carlos and the Copblock boyz you just slink away out of "respect" when police tell you to stop taking photos, don't you.

"To put it differently: I'm a photographer. A passionate one. But if you are the photographer who causes a huge brouhaha by deciding to take photos at an event or a location where you've been asked not to, I will think less of you. Why? Because you're making all of us look bad."

Oooooo, you will think less of me, so sad I would have cried if I didn't already hold you in the utmost contempt.

She is perfectly in her right to not want pictures taken but she's in the wrong place to expect it. No photography fine rent a private room to host your "art" and allow free admission on the policy of no cameras but she has to be in a private area. You can't say Sorry I know we're in a public area but no pictures because, I'm ________ so I'm special.

Fill in thee blank with whatever you'd like.

Her reason why she doesn't want pics doesn't matter and is of no consequence. Privacy in public area does not exist.

Daniela Bowker
Pixiq Expert

Haje has chosen a controversial case study to illustrate his point, but his point still stands and in reading your comments, I feel that you have missed it entirely. Yes, you do have a right to take photos in a public place. Absolutely. Completely. Utterly. Totally. This is undisputed and he is no way denying this and neither is he seeking to curtail this.

Rather, as a photographer with the right to photograph what you want, where you want, there is also a responsibility incumbent upon you to exercise caution, discretion, and respect when doing so. Just because you can take a photo anywhere it doesn't mean that you should.

There are situations when taking a photograph might be within your legal rights, but is without the realms of moral or ethical acceptability. The majority of funerals take place in public spaces, but to photograph grieving family and friends would be at best crass. At worst it is highly intrusive and desperately disrespectful. You might have a right to take a photograph, but these people also have a right to be treated in a fashion that's dignified. It's at this point when a photographer must question her or himself: 'Do I need to take this photo? At this precise point, is my right to take a photo greater than these individuals' right to dignity?'

I've already discussed the ethics of photographing dead bodies at length, and this isn't something that I wish to reproduce here. Suffice to say, it raises questions of taste and decency and respect, and these issues extend beyond the body of the deceased.

The question of live performances was one that Haje touched upon in his article. As a photographer, you wouldn't be the only person there, wanting to experience or enjoy the show. Consequently, there is an entirely reasonable expectation for you to leave your camera in your camera bag if it is going to inhibit the enjoyment of the rest of the audience or disturb the performers themselves. Again, it is the responsibility of the photographer to consider her or his rights against those of others.

Conversely, there will be occasions when the right to take a photograph is the overwhelming entitlement or even necessity. Truth, justice, freedom might depend on it and in which case other rights will be overruled.

Rights are balanced by responsibilities. In the majority of cases, photographers do have the right to photograph anything, anywhere public. There are, however, a minority of situations where this right exists, but there is a greater responsibility on the photographer to recognise that the camera is best left in the bag.

Haje's point is that those photographers who insist on taking photos just because they can, without consideration for its wider implications, give every photographer a bad name. Occasionally, it is necessary to demonstrate a modicum of restraint, and in doing so, we as photographers might find that we gain the public's respect for our work, for our art, and for our practice.

Haje Jan Kamps
Pixiq Expert

I think, in part, the point I'm trying to make with this article, is that even though there are situations where you CAN take photos, it doesn't mean you SHOULD.

Example: If someone is doing a wedding shoot, it would be a dick-head move to go stand between the wedding couple and the photographer, snapping away. You wouldn't be doing anything illegal at all...

Similarly, if there are situations where you are asked NOT to take photos, it doesn't mean that you should automatically assume the rule is there to piss you off and to infringe on your 1st amendment rights.

To me, it seems like this example with the pigs is much like the example with the wedding photography above, except instead of a wedding photographer, the 'artist' is the person in the box, and the 'subjects' are the people watching the box. Getting in the way with a camera ruins the experience for people trying to watch, and doing that is hardly the most respectful and polite way of doing things?

Carlos Miller - Photography is Not a Crime
Pixiq Expert

Haje,

I know you watched the video so I was hardly "getting in the way" of anybody trying to view her performance.

You don't directly say it, but I guess you think less of me as a photographer because I decided to photograph her when I heard her security guards where physically harassing and threatening photographers.

That's cool if you do, but you should just come out and say it rather than insinuate it.

Maybe it's a cultural thing. Americans, we prefer directness.

Although her security guard didn't say it, one of the reasons they prevented photography was because of the controversy surrounding her performance.

They didn't want the animal rights activists to go there, take pictures and raise hell about it.

Where there's conflict, there's a news story. And if it's over photography, I'm going to cover it.

In a way, this is my art. Exposing people who try to crack down on photography.

So why should my art take a back seat to her art?

Haje Jan Kamps
Pixiq Expert

Carlos, your article was merely the starting blocks for a discussion, it's nothing personal against you or about what you do.

I know that in this video, you're not 'getting in the way' - the point is that if she allowed photography, chances are that there would be 30 people with camera-phones, camcorders and cameras cramped around her little space trying to take photos. That /would/ get in the way of enjoying the arts.

Just to be clear: I don't think less of you as a photographer for bringing issues about photographer's rights to the forefront. Quite the contrary, in fact: Your work is extremely valuable, and I'm glad people are standing up for photographers rights. That doesn't mean I always have to agree with the way you do it, however.

If the security guards were committing assaults to keep photographers away, then you'd have had a scoop. Personally, I probably wouldn't have posted that video: You're basically just proving that what you had heard was happening wasn't happening - or not whilst you were there, anyway.

Nonetheless, it got me thinking about the topics at hand, and hence the article above!

Carlos Miller - Photography is Not a Crime
Pixiq Expert

It's a great discussion and I'm not taking anything personal. As photographers, we all have our different styles.

I tend to be more aggressive than many photographers, so I've heard the argument before about me giving other photographers a bad name.

I'm just so fed up with people who create laws out of thin air that I can't help taking on such an aggressive approach.

In this case, we had two video cameras rolling, so the security guard had to think twice before acting.

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