The ultimate guide to HDR photography

For when your normal dynamic range just doesn't quite reach...

hdr-4

Haunting, surreal, and quite possibly the first major way in which digital photography does something which film photography can’t emulate – or even come near. HDR – or High Dynamic Range – photography is nothing new, but as new tools and techniques make the artform more available, HDR photography is taking off in a big way.

If you’ve never had a go… and especially if you don’t even know what I’m on about – you’re in for a real treat…

What is HDR Photography?

High Dynamic Range photography or HDR photography is an advanced set of photography techniques that play on image’s dynamic range in exposures. HDR Photography allows photographers to capture a greater range of tonal detail than any camera could capture thru a single photo.

While many imaging experts regard HDR photography as the future of digital photography, the discipline has long been in existence.

HDR photography is present in many pictures taken through modern day digital cameras. The truth is, if you are a real photography enthusiast then there is a great chance that you have taken at least one photo exemplifying HDR photography.

The real functions or even executions of HDR photography may be debatable. But no matter which website or source you consult they will always say it is a technique that employs the great use of exposure range to get distinct values between light and dark areas of the image. Its real intention is to create an image that accurately characterizes the intensity levels found in natural scenes. If you ever wondered why the picture you took was different from the scenery you actually saw, then maybe it’s time for you to learn HDR photography.

HDR Photography is the technique used to capture and represent the full (as possible) DR found in a scene with high perceptual accuracy and precision. To remember things better, think of the 3S: sunlight, shadows and subjects. These are the things that make an ordinary picture an HDR image.

The history of HDR Photography

While the technique is more commonly used now to create astounding images of art, fashion and landscape photography, HDR photography’s humble beginning is ironically designed to capture a rather fearing, shocking and destructive image – nuclear explosion.

Charles Wyckoff (the same guy who inspired Computational Photography) developed HDR photography in 1930s to 1940s. He is genius who took the 1940s Life magazine cover of nuclear explosions – an image that would later change the world. Of course the technique didn’t have the acronym HDR before, but the principles remained the same.

A deeper and perhaps more scientific understanding of HDR photography and imaging was first introduced in 1993. This was done by playing on two established photography elements: tone mapping and bracketing. A complex mathematical theory regarding differently exposed images of the same subject matter was then released two years after. Paul Debevec, a computer graphic researcher, applied this theory and combined several differently exposed images to produce a single HDR image was accomplished. Talk about putting a lot of science and even math to discipline.

Today, things are a lot easier. Thanks to the wide selection of portable and digital cameras as well as easy-to-use software, HDR is no longer limited to people studying nuclear explosion and computer graphics technology. But the technology on image capture, storage, editing and printing devices still has some limitations. And since each of these elements affect the DR of image; we need to study them if we want to get an HDR image with superb quality.

Theory Behind HDR photography

There are two theories behind HDR photography. And as the technology around HDR photography evolves so is the discipline itself. But if one wants to take HDR imagery seriously then he must first understand the concepts and theories that make up this discipline.

The most fundamental of all HDR photography theories is to take multiple shots at varying exposure levels of a particular subject. A special computer program will then combine the images together into a single image. This is just an incarnation of the original theory during the time when there are no digital cameras and advanced computers and programs were nothing more than a work of science-fiction.

The second theory is the one that capitalizes on the RAW processing software to create various exposure levels of the same image. Modern Digital SLR camera and a lot of the Point and Shoot models allow photographers to capture RAW images. A RAW image or file is the data captured by your Camera’s sensor that is not processed yet and therefore does have color information. You can manipulate this file, adjust its color, lighting or while balance.

How to gather data for HDR photographs

Taking the images is the first stage in HDR photography. You can use a simple point and shoot camera or a fully configurable digital SLR camera camera.

In both techniques you will need a camera with configurable exposure settings. All DSLRs and most point and shoot cameras have this. Certain SLR cameras have bracketing function which makes it easier for photographers to change exposure settings.

For starters, you can use the following setting: ISO 200 and Aperture Priority Mode. And as they say good things come in threes, you can take picture with three different exposure settings: EV 0, EV -2 and EV +2. You can experiment more on these but generally speaking, the more exposure versions you can have, the better your final image will be.

It is recommended to use a tripod when taking HDR photo. This is because tripod stabilizes the camera and you need to get the clearest image you can get since you are experimenting on exposure values. The best way to do this is to use a shutter remote or if your camera doesn’t have one, just make sure you press the shutter button lightly.

Post-processing

Post processing is the last stage in HDR photography that you can really control. This is where technical skills merge with creative sensibility. And with the introduction of advanced digital cameras and photo editing software, HDR image post-processing is made a lot easier.

However, this does not guarantee that having an excellent HDR image will be as easy as clicking the shutter button. There may be times that the three or more images you took with varying exposure values are simply not enough. With this, the only chance you are left with is to do a post-processing of the image.

Post-processing generally involves color correction, saturation, contrast and brightness and darkness adjustment and other image element manipulation. But in HDR photography we need to concentrate on contrast and brightness and darkness adjustment. Brightness and darkness adjustment is the direct digital translation of exposure manipulation in the picture taking stage. If in the camera you adjust exposure settings, in the post-processing stage you will adjust the brightness.

The main advantage of process is surpassing the limitation of actually configuring your camera in different exposure levels. While some cameras may have eight exposure settings and therefore 8 different images, post-processing can simply give you a limitless number.

After the shoot, transfer the images to your computer. There is a merge to HDR feature in many photo editing software including Adobe Photoshop CS2 and above, Photomatix Pro, Dynamic Photo HDR and others.

Post-processing software also allows you to blend photographs with different exposures. This clearly increases the dynamic range of the final output photo. There is also tone mapping which reveals highlight and shadow details in an HDR image made from multiple exposures.

Further exploration

Whether you are an HDR photography amateur, hobbyists or a professional these websites will surely give you something to focus on.

HDR 101

The site claims that it is the first and most visited HDR tutorial on the web. It offers easy to understand tutorials as well as Photomatix software walkthrough. But we think HDR101′s best content is the monthly favorite Flickr.com HDR photos.

HDRSoft’s Resources

HDRSoft, maker of one of the most popular HDR software Photomatix gathered tutorials, DVDs and videos as well as mailing list subscriptions for all HDR photography enthusiasts.

CambridgeInColour

CambridgeInColour offers photography tutorials and forum where photography professionals and enthusiasts like you can discuss anything about photography.

Flickr’s HDR Group

This HDR group has 30,000 members and counting. Share your passion and be inspired with HDR images on different subjects taken by photographers from all over the world.

SmashingMagazine’s 35 Fantastic HDR Pictures

One of the most popular blogs combined “35 extremely beautiful and perfectly executed HDR-pictures” on different subjects and execution.

Visual Photo Guide

Camera, equipment and photography software reviews and video tutorials on HDR photography all in one place.

HDR Crème

HDRcreme is the first HDR photo gallery that lets you share photos, explore and learn about High dynamic range imaging.

Tutorial Blog’s Collection

A Single link to many great HDR Photography resources.

Photo credits

The photos in this article are from Flickr, licenced under CC/Attribution licence. See the full-size photos of Pasargad Bank Branch by Hamed Saber, Moon on Mars by Extranoise, Tour Eiffel by Al Ianni and HDR 01 by CodyR on Flickr.

Top tip: a Flickr search for ‘HDR’ filtered by ‘most interesting’ is a great way to get some awesome inspiration.

Enjoy!


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© Kamps Consulting Ltd. This article is licenced for use on Pixiq only. Please do not reproduce wholly or in part without a license. More info.

Comments

Anonymous
Anonymous

hideous. absolutely hideous. the first 2 pics are perfect examples of why so many people hate hdr. skies with grungy overtones and horrible blue halos around the edge. piling on more doesn’t necessarily make a better picture. the other 2? why stack? just do a photoshop abortion to any old picture

Anonymous
Anonymous

Great post. HDR is great but I don’t like it when you can see that the photo is obviously HDR. I like to try and use HDR so that you can hardly tell it has been used. It can really make a photo POP if used right. Here are a few of mine:
http://www.willbl.com/2008/08/misty-morning/
http://www.willbl.com/2008/07/cave/
http://www.willbl.com/2007/12/emerald-lakes-tongariro-crossing/

I agree Tucker it is a shame.

------------------------------
http://www.inkfarm.com

nice article... in-depth explanation and neatly written !!
check out my HDR photographs as well...

http://digital-camera-photography.blogspot.com/2011/10/how-to-do-hdr-pho...

Anonymous
Anonymous

Agreed, the first two pictures are WAY overprocessed. If you get the halos after tone-mapping, you’re doing something wrong.

is the human eye ball hollow? just like going to the market for sugar and returning home with $30.00 worth of groceries and no sugar.
your articles got me pumped up abouth HDR they are great, informative and clear but still didn't get me the answer for the question i was looking for.
is the human eye ball hollow, like the camera between the iris and the receptors? thanks, emilio

Anonymous
Anonymous

Don’t listen to nate, I’m really glad you put this together. I’ve been aching to try this, and what do you know! One of my favorite photoblogs slaps it right on my figurative desk.

Anonymous
Anonymous

I’ve never understood what people try to achieve through the use of HDR, it’s just another gimmick.
Ansel Adams pretty much nailed true HDR through proper skill and technique, in one single exposure, 70 years ago.
These new age digital HDR photos make me somewhat nauseous. It’s just decorative art.
People never seem to be able to use any sort of subtlety, they always overdo it, and like nate said, get that crap looking typical HDR effect.

Anonymous
Anonymous

Will, your Cave photo is stunning – fantastic work!

Anonymous
Anonymous

I agree with Will, using the HDR to extend the dynamic range is OK, but too many HDRs are just ugly and grossly overprocessed. Stunning image of the cave, btw!

Anonymous
Anonymous

HDR is just another technique that can be used and/or abused. The artist gets the opportunity to decide exactly where to go with the image, and it can go from subtle to hitting the viewer over the head.

Then again, sometimes it is the only way to get incredible detail that would otherwise never exist. An example of this is the extreme panoramic I created in Edinburgh while shooting from the top of the Sir Walter Scott Monument. The image can be seen at http://glsmyth.com/projects/scotland/edinburgh/edinburgh.htm.

Anonymous
Anonymous

You forgot to mention a trick. When using the camera on the tripod, if you don’t have a remote trigger you can avoid camera shake by using the self timer.

Anonymous
Anonymous

funny. i used to read this blog pretty regularly and came back to it today to see my photo on the front page! that example is not really my favorite because, as you can tell from its name, it’s one of my earliest experiments.

i’m used to seeing HDR haters on the internet and by this point, i’m sort of over trying to defend it as an interesting and more importantly – fun! – technique. usually when people wonder what the heck HDR is doing anyway, i point them to a comparison of a shot i took from the same exact spot, on the same exact day as another flickr user who did not use HDR.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/codyr/207595990
http://www.flickr.com/photos/hapgood/304712265

Anonymous
Anonymous

StuckInCustoms has a good HDR tutorial to go along with these wonderful tips. I’ve just started experimenting with HDR, and there are definitely folks who like the more “subtle” look. The technique itself is fascinating with so much room to experiment.

Anonymous
Anonymous

Great article! :) The most comprehensive HDR photography article I’ve read so far! :)

Anonymous
Anonymous

Hi I am new to HDR, took a couple of my first shots today. I am curious though about one thing. I have seen some photos on flickr that have people in them and I was wondering how an HDR photo was taken with them? You could also look at the picture of the Eiffel Tower you have above. People are obviously going to move while you’re taking your photo’s. So how does one take an HDR photo with people?

Anonymous
Anonymous

Wow lovely all that detail….

Anonymous
Anonymous

zach: A good DSLR would have the minim fps of 3 i.e it will take at least 3 shots per second in continuous mode. While a second is a long time for people to move, it will still make sure that movements are kept to a minimum. Also just in case u are not using a tripod, you will find it handy that photoshop has a feature to realign images automatically for HDR merging. Hope that helps.

Anonymous
Anonymous

This is such a great article, the whole site seems awesome. My biggest thing with hdr is getting the artistic look without the overdone colors. I’m currently trying to get a blog up and running about lightroom 2 if anyone wants to help contribute some articles etc. Please take a moment to view the blog at the following link Click here for lightroom 2 blog

Anonymous
Anonymous

Zach read the final paragraph in the section marked Theory Behind HDR photographs. Think a little laterally about editing a bunch of various tonal ranges from the same shot processed in RAW and then do the HDR thing.

Good pictures are about a good subject carefully exposed and framed. I think good processing film or digital shouldn’t be obvious. I think it should serve the picture.. When a picture is about the treatment and not the content I think it tends to fall over.

I have 20 different versions of Summertime on my iPod, ranging from country, trip hop, club mixes, Janis Joplin Louis Armstrong, operatic styles and so on. They all sound good.. Some better than others but essentially they all sound good because it’s a great song in the first place.

A good picture is a good picture. You can throw all the digital fairy dust at a bad image but in the end it’s just a heavily treated bad image. IMHO most HDR images I’ve seen could do with a little less “HDR”

Just a thought.

Anonymous
Anonymous

http://www.stuckincustoms.com has some of the most amazing HDR work I have seen, and he also has a great tutorial on the subject here …. ( http://stuckincustoms.com/2006/06/06/548/ )

Great Article!

Anonymous
Anonymous

eat5hams: Great tip, thank you very much!

Anonymous
Anonymous

thanx,overprocessed I think it’s what Hdr is all about sometimes,anyways I love experimenting with the subject!

Anonymous
Anonymous

Great Article!!!
There is a lot of buzz on the internet on HDR photography. any photographers think HDR photography is a party trick but this is defiantly not true. High Dynamic Range Photography is a major part of the future of photography. HDR photography is a new technology so many photographers are skeptical or unfamiliar with it. Like in any business you have to learn the new technology or trends, ignoring it or being scared to learn something new will just get you left behind. Information is power.

Anonymous
Anonymous

I think the words

“… quite possibly the first major way in which digital photography does something which film photography can’t emulate – or even come near:.

Is a little untrue. To begin with, film has a much higher dynamic range straight out of the camera than any DSLR. Most of the time the purpose of HDR is to reciprocate the dynamic range of film or the eye in general. The fact that multiple digital photographs have to be taken, imported into photoshop, tonemapped, and put together to emulate film is a statement in and of itself.

Anonymous
Anonymous

Thank you for your wonderful tutorial. I am in Japan and love shooting hdr!

Anonymous
Anonymous

this is how ‘fake HDR’ helps to enhance my photo.captured with a crappy 3.2MP handphone camera.i mean by fake cause it was only 1 photo snapped.http://www.flickr.com/photos/38244635@N08/3548322142/

Anonymous
Anonymous

this is how ‘fake HDR’ helps to enhance my photo.captured with a crappy 3.2MP handphone camera.i mean by fake cause it was only 1 photo snapped.

Anonymous
Anonymous

great guide my friend! i’m really impressed with hdr photography. HDR photos always look amazing.

Anonymous
Anonymous

A great read that was the introduction to HDR that I really needed.

Thanks for posting!

Anonymous
Anonymous

Now that HDR has integrated into the world of photography,
there are a few new styles of HDR starting to crop up around
the internet.

For those who are interested in trying their hand at one of them I have just finished writing a tutorial for “Dark Style HDR”

Which you can view with the link below:

http://www.mrdphotography.co.uk/tutorials/darkstylehdr/ds-hdr-tutorial-i...

Anonymous
Anonymous

We have just started experimenting with HDR. Thanks for the article. Helps to clear things up!

Anonymous
Anonymous

HDR, as so many before have already said, can be, and usually is, grossly overdone. When used tastefully it can be beautiful. I often go to the ‘Stuck in Customs’ website for a good laugh. Not only are Trey’s photos ugly, but they pander to the gross commonality of trivial taste. Sure he wrote a book about it, so many people who want to be part of the herd and do like everyone else want to do the same technique that everyone else seems to be doing – tastelessly.

As for character assasination – take a look at this guy’s grammar, and spelling? what’s that? Did he ever graduate high school?

I get wonderful results using one raw image and pulling out of it whatever I can. That’s enough for me. I can learn from other’s work in HDR – especially what NOT to do.

Anonymous
Anonymous

Fiddler, your remark paints you as smug, arrogant, pampas ass. Your remark is WAY out of line! Art as beauty, is in the eye of the beholder. Not everything is for everyone. But you’ve taken it to a personal attack when you slung “As for character assasination – take a look at this guy’s grammar, and spelling? what’s that? Did he ever graduate high school?”out there. Your spelling is not perfect either…. “assasination” is spelled assassination. Did you ever graduate grammar school? His book is not nearly as “tasteless” as you personality. If you have something to share constructively please do so…..if not Shhhhhhhhhhh!

Anonymous
Anonymous

Fiddler, your remark paints you as smug, arrogant, pompous ass. Your remark is WAY out of line! Art, as beauty, is in the eye of the beholder. Not everything is for everyone. But you’ve taken it to a personal attack when you slung “As for character assasination – take a look at this guy’s grammar, and spelling? what’s that? Did he ever graduate high school?”out there. Your spelling is not perfect either…. “assasination” is spelled assassination. Did you ever graduate grammar school? His book is not nearly as “tasteless” as you comment…..which makes you sound a little jealous and insecure, with a bit condescension added to the mix. If you have something to share constructively please do so…..if not Shhhhhhhhhhh! I for one don’t want to hear personal attacks because you don’t share someone’s taste….Shame on you!

Anonymous
Anonymous

H came by a really great resource for HDR on a website by Dan Norcott. Its basically where I learnt how to do it!

http://dannorcott.co.uk/hdr-tutorial/

And here is my little collection. I’ve come a long way in the last year with HDR. My early attempts were really poor!

http://www.aaron-photography.com/portfolio/hdr-photography/

Anonymous
Anonymous

The assertion that Ansel Adams managed to accomplish the same thing as HDR with a single shot is rather misleading. Ansel’s amazing images are a result of precise exposure AND the amazing amount of effort that he spent in the darkroom dodging and burning. His photos are not straight prints, but they are absolutely beautiful. Using software to manipulate digital images is the only way to accomplish the same things that we used to using darkroom techniques. It takes skill to use the software in such a way as to produce a desired result and is no less professional than using darkroom skills to do the same.

Anonymous
Anonymous

Thanks a lot for sharing!

Here is link to online HDR photo tool to create cool pictures from one photo

http://anymaking.com/funny-hdr-tone-mapping-picture-effect

Have fun!

Anonymous
Anonymous

Great post! Always enjoy what others have to say about HDR.

Anonymous
Anonymous

Nice stuff, check out my HDR at http://www.macleod.arknet.co.uk/photoblog and leave some comments :)

Anonymous
Anonymous

Really good post, lots of helpful info

Anonymous
Anonymous

Hi, great (and useful) blog here. For those of you who do not own a camera that can bracket raw images, we’d like to offer you ten image sets from rawhdr.com to play with. Just join (free) there and enter “photocritic” without the quotes into the coupon box after you join to receive your ten free credits.

Enjoy

Anonymous
Anonymous

I don’t understand why so many photographers are so threatened by HDR. If you don’t like it, don’t look! I don’t appreciate a lot of visual art out there…it doesn’t mean that I go around spewing hatred and insults at it. It is what it is and isn’t it great that we are all different?

Anonymous
Anonymous

Great article but could do with a few better hdr pictures to demonstrate your point. Feel free to check out http://www.waitingforvisas.com for some HDR travel photography

Anonymous
Anonymous

I think it’s a real shame people are bagging HDR, yes some people really over do it and it’s awful but HDR can really help you bring out the shadows and highlights and if done right can be amazing.
and if you don’t like it just don’t use it or view it
look at my London eye picture and tell me what you think
http://www.exploretravelphotography.com/gallery/h22354d25#h22354d25

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