Purdue Student Journalist Takes Defiant Stand Against Cop

Student continued videotaping as cop threatened to arrest him

A student journalist showed nerves of steel as he defiantly continued to videotape a police officer, even as the officer was in his face threatening him with arrest if he continued videotaping.

Michael Carney, multimedia editor of The Exponent, the student newspaper at Purdue University in Indiana, was on assignment covering an election at the university when a woman collapsed back in October.

Carney continued videotaping at emergency medical technicians arrived at the scene, accompanied by Purdue police officer Jeff Hegg.

One of the medical technicians ordered him to stop videotaping, even though Carney had every right to continue videotaping.

Then Hegg walked up to Carney and blocked the camera with his body while ordering him to turn it off.

Carney got nervous, which is natural in these incidents, and began shaking, prompting Hegg to question why was he shaking.

But Carney held his ground and refused to succumb to the officer's demands.

The officer kept telling him that he could arrest him for refusing his demands, but the officer is wrong because his demands were unlawful orders.

The incident took place on October 20 and the Exponent filed a complaint with the department two days later.

The Exponent did not publicize the incident until Tuesday along with a quote from the Purdue police chief that appears to admit wrongdoing on behalf of the officer.

The Exponent filed a complaint with the police on Oct. 22. Monday, Purdue police chief John Cox said that their internal investigation of the incident, which the police consider a personnel matter, had been completed and turned over to an attorney for review.

“Our job out there is to serve and protect. A lot of the time the younger officers don’t really know what to say to the media,” Cox said. “There’s certain rules we have to follow. There’s certain kinds of information we have to provide ... Typically we have a pretty good relationship with the media.”

Meanwhile, the attorney for the Hoosier State Press Association, Steve Key, commended the cop for not bashing Carney's head in.

“I think that the reporter did a good job of keeping calm throughout the incident,” Key said. “The officer, while maybe in the wrong in ordering the camera to be shut off, did show restraint in that there wasn’t any physical abuse, there wasn’t any grabbing or taking the camera away from the individual.

"So in that case I think that while it was a tense situation, I thought both sides showed constraint in either side where that’s not occurred in other places."

Then a clueless, spineless guy named Mike Hiestand of the Student Press Law Center condemned Carney for taking a stand.

“(After the officer’s order to turn off the camera) I think he probably should have left and protested the officer’s reactions later,” said Hiestand, who also viewed the video. “There are going to be some stories where the situation is just so hot or so important that you know that if you leave now you’re going to miss a very important story. I don’t know if this is that story.

“I saw two folks at loggerheads; neither was willing to back down. Certainly the police officer was wrong. It was a public place, (The Exponent’s) reporter, photographer, was not interfering with the emergency response crew, and he as a police officer should have known better.

"The risk that you have in a situation like this is First Amendment rights don’t outweigh the law. At some point when a police officer gives you a direct order you just don’t have the right, the option, to say ‘I’m just going to refuse that,’ and if you do, there are consequences.”

Hiestand is an idiot because First Amendment rights are protected by the law. Supposedly.

Furthermore, a direct order does not necessarily equate a lawful order.

Fortunately, the publisher and general manager of The Exponent, Pat Kuhnle, has more common sense than those two legal losers.

In an e-mail, Kuhnle wrote, “It’s disturbing to watch the police action in the video. However well intentioned, the officer’s actions are not justifiable. There is no expectation of privacy in a public location. There is no justification for the officer to taking control of the photographer’s tripod, nor issuing an order to stop videotaping.

“The police action is equivalent to bullying and it should not be tolerated in a society that is governed by laws rather than heavy-handedness. The standard of appropriate behavior by police is applicable to all members of society, not just members of the media.

“The Exponent news staff has shown great restraint in waiting a full month for the police to investigate this matter before reporting this. It is my hope that those who are in a position to do such denounce the officer’s actions publicly and revisit how the department interacts with students, the public and the media.”

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Comments

It's sad that Steve Key feels he has to praise an officer simply for not being physically abusive.

But what I really have to wonder about is Mike Hiestand. How could someone making statements as dumb as those be working for the SPLC period?

I wonder how Mike Hiestand would react if he was videoing a cop doing something illegal:

"Hey turn that off"
"Oh that's a direct order from a cop, sure no problems"

Moron.

This Jeff Hegg sounds like Johnny Law. What an idiot!

I only heard him say it once early on but each time the cop asked or told him to stop filming, for what ever reason, he should have answered:

"That's irrelevant"

The fire brigade don't want you filming
That irrelevant, it's a public place
I don't want you filming me
That's irrelevant it's a public place
You invading her privacy
This is a public place, there is no privacy in public places
I told you to turn it off
That's irrelevant, I won't, this is a public place
Would you want someone videoing you in an emergency
That's irrelevant, what I want right now is to exercise my right to film in a public place
I'll put you in the back of the car
That's unlawful arrest because this is a public place
It's illegal without permission
In a public place, the first amendment trumps any law you could possibly think of
I don't want you to
So what, go do your job and please step out of my way so I can do mine

I love you Hazza. That's exactly what everyone should have drilled in their brain for potential police encounters.

I love you too fluid, but time distance and the fact I am happily married to my wife is going to keep us apart.

The best we can hope for is someone makes our tragic story into a movie that the entire world will love and it receive heaps of oscars.

Heh, nice one Hazza. But in all seriousness, a well scripted response for your typical cop interactions is necessary in this day and age. If you don't know how to speak and stand your ground, cops look at you as weak and will take further liberties to take your own liberty away!

"younger officers"? Every hair on that guys head was gray. I do think the reporter made a mistake giving up his i.d. so easily. He should have done the whole "Am I being detained?", "What's your reasonable suspicion?" schpeal.

Jon

Hey now - some of us just grey earlier than others. (sniff-sniff) No I am not crying- I was just cutting up some onions for my bitter party...

I am leery of just handing over my id, but I am also a student and part of the student code of conduct requires students to preset university identification on demand to faculty, staff, and campus police. He may have been following such a guideline, which doesn't exist in the wider world.

I would question the legality of "on demand" id production in a state college. Regardless of Code of Conduct, these are often ruled illegal by the courts.. The school could try to ding someone for failure to produce that id, but as soon as they mentioned even *thinking* about taking any action I'd be on the phone with my lawyer, he'd have the paperwork drawn so that when they actually took action I could respond immediately.. Colleges need to be educated that they are state actors and are bound by the Consititution, also college kids ARE legally different than SCHOOL kids.. School kids have diminished rights, college kidss rarely do..

(IANAL, but...) Indiana has a "Refusal to Identify Self" law (IC 34-28-5-3.5), which only requires a good faith belief that an infraction or ordinance violation has been committed (IC 34-28-5-3). It's unclear from the video whether he was being detained because he never asked, so it's difficult to know is he could've been charged with a misdemeanor for a refusal. One could construe the officer's interest in his activity as a good faith belief that he was committing a crime; the actual merit of that belief is irrelevant to the violation of the stop-and-identify law. Additionally, the statute on resisting law enforcement (IC 35-44-3-3) has been held by state courts that it "does not condition the offense upon a lawful order." Therein, I would not advise any fellow Hoosier refuse to identify unless they really wanted to chase it through appeals.

I would still argue the Hiibel decision is he controlling legal authority, id CANNOT be compelled without reasonable suspicion that the person has or is or is about to commit a crime. The supreme court has held basically said that unless the officer can articulate this that the request is not legal, and that simply stating your name is sufficient in cases where it is legal.

Therefore the statute you state is unconstitutional per th Hiibel decision and the resisting statute is not applicable. Also keep in mind that resisting law enforcement is generally held to mean resisting the arrest. That is not in evidence here AND would be dificult to make stick since the supreme court has repeatedly stated that exercise of a constitutionally protected right generates no probable cause. ie: flick off a cop, if he arrests you, then when you sue you are going to get paid.

Trying to construe an officers IGNORANCE as somehow rising to good faith is troubling, remember, ignorance of the law is no excuse at least for you and me. Let him do the arrest, I would always make the statement that he needs to check with his superiors before he makes the arrest because it isn't legal, you've given him the chance to redeem himself.. If he fails to then it only helps you later..

As a recent college graduate of college, where I was a student journalist for a few years, I can tell you that the Student Press Law Center comment made isn't as stupid as you think it is.

At private universities, even if you have a legal right to photograph, the college can still discipline students for whatever they want.

There was a situation a few years back (on 9/11, 2006, which didn't really matter but the cop seemed to think it did). There was vandalism at one of our research labs that does some "secure" research for DHS. The building was cleared of people, and I had gotten tipped by a student that this was happening. I waited outside with all the faculty. The lead investigator called outside "all clear, you can come in now." I entered the building and shot a photo of the investigators who were still going about their business. The lead investigator then immediately started screaming that I couldn't shoot photography here. He insisted that I turn over the camera and that he would delete the photos. He then demanded that I tell him my tip source or he would arrest me for criminal trespass of a secured building, because I wasn't on some list of people he had.

Standing my ground in this case would have been entirely legal. I know that under 2c(18)(3) in NJ, trespass is only illegal if I had a reasonable expectation that I did not belong, which certainly not the case here. In fact the building has classes regularly throughout the day and students are in and out. However, disrespecting a police officer or whatever could be considered an offense of the disciplinary code. I refused to disclose my source, because having done so would have effected another student's life, but I allowed him to view and delete the photos. I allowed him to do this with the knowledge that I could probably go back and recover the photo later. In fact, we did this and then ran the picture on the front page.

An additional point -- getting arrested by police, even if its wrongful arrest, can still have an impact on job applications for after college. Not every profession sees being arrested for doing journalism as a mark of pride, like many journalists do. I was going to school for Computer Science and I now work at a major bank -- journalism was just a hobby, and one that I didn't want to have impact me in the future.

While I think the student in your post was completely, 100% in the right with what they did, I don't disagree with the SPLC's statement that for student journalists, its often better to not engage but rather comply with the police and then question or file complaints later.

"At private universities, even if you have a legal right to photograph, the college can still discipline students for whatever they want."

And if they do so for a student journalist standing up for their right to engage in journalism, that's going to be another story to run.

(And that school probably shouldn't have a journalism program. Not a respectable one, anyway.)

"...journalism was just a hobby, and one that I didn't want to have impact me in the future."

Well that's a decision you had to make for yourself. The SPLC is supposed to represent students who are in the journalism program "for real" and Hiestand's statements still come off as dumb.

So you think the university is going to get involved in a squabble between a student and a campus cop? That's doubtful. If recent history has proven anything, it's that university administrators don't get involved at all. They didn't give any reprimand to the Iranian UCLA student or the cops involved and that was fairly high profile.(BTW, he got a settlement later so thanks UCLA campus police, you helped pay that kid's tuition.)

Of course a law center will advise you to just comply. Your average student is not the same as a 1st amendment advocate. Even if he is working for the university paper. But what we want to know is what is the law, not what is the easiest way to stay out of trouble. If we wanted to stay out of trouble, we would just stay in our houses all the time and not live life.

On a somewhat unrelated note, my feeling is that the campus is only semi public. If one of the administrators came and told this student to stop filming, then he would have to stop. But that is not a call for paramedics or campus police, these two entities are not allowed to create policy out of thin air.

Colleges DO often get involved between students and campus cops. Mainly because they believe they can with impunity, especially if they are getting internal pressure or they want to assert their "authority".

In a public university an administrator can't legally violate your rights, you can ignore him, I guarantee he will *try* and take action against you.

There are not many places where they can truly order you to stop taking pictures and order you to delete photos and have it be pretty much beyond debate.. Military bases come to mind.. And generally even in private buildings they can only order you to leave, but not delete the photos..

I'm absolutely certain of it, given the history and student code of the college I attended. YMMV at other colleges.

I love the way Jeff Hegg says "I'm gonna talk to your
boss." and then the guy replies "She's coming"
and Hegg's response to that (knowing his scare tactic did not work)is "Well, I won't talk to her!"
Comedy!

"The risk that you have in a situation like this is First Amendment rights don’t outweigh the law. At some point when a police officer gives you a direct order you just don’t have the right, the option, to say ‘I’m just going to refuse that,’ and if you do, there are consequences.”

Last time I checked, the first Amendment is the highest law. For you folks who are unsure, the Constitution was not written for us. It was written for the government; to let them know they don't have the right to infringe on the God given rights. "I assure you that I have many more than these." When you do infringe, "there are consequences".

This is what they are teaching in law school these days? This guy will likely end up being a prosecutor. I guess that they don't cover the Constitution until graduation day. This explains why it's so easy to wipe the floor with these lame ass prosecutorial arguments.

Would you know a police state if you lived in one?

I hate it when officers do that stupid stuff. If he is not getting in the way, don't bother the guy. If he is in the way, make him back up but don't try to get him to stop filming.

The officer was pretty embarrassing to watch. I hope he gets reprimanded for overstepping his authority.

Well said, it was a pretty sad performance..

Carlos,

You missed a small typo. Succumb was spelled as subcomb.

And to the comment regarding early graying of the hair -- there was a kid in one of my 10th grade classes whose hair was already progressing towards gray/silver.

I just finished the article and noticed this statement, "[t]he police action is equivalent to bullying and it should not be tolerated in a society that is governed by laws rather than heavy-handedness."

The sad thing is, our society, in my opinion, leans towards governing through heavy-handedness. Just look at the tactics of prosecutors; they levy trumped up charges or use the vast amount of laws we have in place to bring as many charges as possible. This is in the hopes that a plea deal is accepted because they "know" that the person they are bringing charges against has done something wrong.

Unfortunately, in this instance, photography was a crime, but not for any of the reasons the officer said.

This was a polling place, and under Indiana election law, for a member of the media to film in a polling place, they must be appointed by their media outlet as a media watcher, and that must be provided to the court, the election board, and the political parties. The media watcher must also have an identification card issued by the election board.

MEDIA WATCHERS
The media may also appoint watchers to each precinct on Election Day. (IC 3-6-10-1)
Media entitled to name watchers include:
1) each daily, weekly, semiweekly or triweekly newspaper of general circulation in the county.
2) each news service operating in the county (e.g. Associated Press, Network Indiana).
3) each radio or television station operating in the county.
On the day before Election Day each corporation owning a news organization listed above must provide the circuit court clerk, the county election board and the county chairmen of each political party (or independent candidate’s committee), which has appointed watchers with a list of persons appointed to serve as media watchers for the news organizations. An officer of the corporation that owns the news organization must sign this list. A person appointed to act as a media watcher does not have to be a regular employee of the news organization. (IC 3-6-10-2; IC 3-6-10-4)
The county election board must issue identification cards to media watchers. If an individual is named to act as a media watcher in more than one (1) county, the identification card must be obtained from the Election Division. [Form IEC 5(b)] (IC 3-6-10-6)

"Media entitled to name watchers include:
1) each daily, weekly, semiweekly or triweekly newspaper of general circulation in the county."

Good catch on the law. However, it would be best if general circulation were defined; I tried searching the Indiana code and could not find a definition. It's possible that the school newspaper is not within the limits of whatever Indiana has defined general circulation to be.

You're quoting the part about being a "watcher," which is something different.

"Generally, a media watcher has the same rights and responsibilities as a watcher appointed by a political party chairman. However, a media watcher may not call upon the election sheriffs to make arrests. (IC 3-6-10-5.5)"

http://cheese.photoprez.com/2008/10/27/how-to-photograph-the-election-an...

An email sent to the Indiana Election Commission and asked about these questions. Response from email:

Thank you for your message, which has been referred to Dale Simmons, Co-General Counsel of the Election Division, for a response.

My initial response to one your questions below “Can you ask people questions leaving the polling station and can you video their answers?”, would be yes, provided that you did so outside the area where unauthorized presence of persons is prohibited under IC 3-14-3-15. That area would include the room where voting is taking place (”the polls”)and the 50 feet area beyond the entrance to the polls (”the chute”).

Of course, this answer assumes that you have the permission of the property owner to be present. Many polling locations are not located in government facilities, but instead on rented private property. But if you were standing in a public area (a sidewalk, a street, for example) outside of the chute, then I think the answer would be yes. This type of “exit polling” is not a common practice in Indiana, but sometimes does occur. Thanks again,

Brad King
Co-Director
Indiana Election Division

"yes, provided that you did so outside the area where unauthorized presence of persons is prohibited under IC 3-14-3-15. That area would include the room where voting is taking place (”the polls”)and the 50 feet area beyond the entrance to the polls (”the chute”)."

Since he is in the room where the voting is taking place, he is not outside the area where unauthorized presence of persons is prohibited under IC 3-14-3-15.

IC 3-14-3-14 references IC 3-11-8-15 which says who is authorized. If he's not a "watcher" then he's not authorized, as he doesn't meet any of the qualifications of 3-11-8-15. The only way for him to be authorized to be there filming is if he is a watcher, and he didn't follow the procedures to do that.

http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title3/ar11/ch8.html

Is he less than 50 feet from the queue?

He's not actually in a "room" so much as an entrance foyer.

I strongly suspect the actual polling place people have already weighed in on this.

At the beginning of the video (0:05 to 0:18) you can see that he is in the room where the voting is taking place. I'd say he's about 10 feet from the line, and not more than 20 feet from the voting booth, in the same room.

And yet at no time did an election worker question or challenge his presence.

It's not his job to set up a secure voting area. And to truly follow the letter of that law, the entire entrance foyer of that building would have had to been made off-limits to *anyone* not voting, which doesn't appear to be the case.

Looks like there's some sort of special deal going in here in general, not related to the photography.

(Of course, I'm still waiting for you to realize this was an absentee voting station, and not an election day polling place, which is what the code you're citing affects.)

I realize that it was at a satellite polling office for early absentee voting. It is not clear from the statute whether a satellite polling office is considered a "polling place."

I would hope that the rules regarding photography of voters would be the same whether on election day or earlier, if it is an officially recognized voting location.

Everything you're citing specifies that it applies to a polling location on election day itself.

I have yet to see or hear of any special photography restrictions that apply to the office of the circuit court clerk or its designated satellite offices, under IC 3-11-10-26 or elsewhere.

This is probably why the absentee voting satellite office was set up in the *public foyer* of the building, and not inside an actual room which could adhere to the requirements of an election day polling place.

I would bet that not many polling places have strict adherence to that part of the code, anyway. I haven't lived in Indiana, but in 3 other states where I have lived and my polling place has been in a school, voting booths were not set up in an actual room, but in hallways that still had regular traffic.

Like many other laws, this one exists to be wielded when necessary, and ignored when inconvenient.

I'm on the side of the photographers in these cases. I just think that in this case, since it involves an election, there may be election law that makes it no longer a simple "I'm filming in a public place and you can't stop me because I'm doing nothing illegal."

From what I can tell, it's the same public place right you would have whether the satellite office were there or not. The code simply doesn't seem to address it, so it doesn't look like there being an election involved has any effect.

They didn't want him filming the patient and he ended up not filming the patient. The officer accomplished what he wanted.

Both of them are unexperienced in their careers. Many times, I've shown up on the scene of police actions and was told where and when I could not shoot. I found it easier to not even pay them any mind, engage them in debate and waste time when I could be covering the event. The cop was baited into revealing that he had no just cause to stop him from filming, other than moral grounds. The photographer missed the whole shot because he wanted to debate 1st Amendment rights. We have zoom lenses for a reason. I remember the photo scrums I use to encounter because everyone felt that had to use the widest angle and get nose hairs width from the subject. JMO

Maybe the collapsed woman was less interesting than a story about a cop making up non existing laws and trampling on the first amendment as if it was toilet paper because of his own preferences.

Exactly. At that point the cop became the news story and everything else was secondary.

Both of them are unexperienced in their careers. Many times, I've shown up on the scene of police actions and was told where and when I could not shoot. I found it easier to not even pay them any mind, engage them in debate and waste time when I could be covering the event. The cop was baited into revealing that he had no just cause to stop him from filming, other than moral grounds. The photographer missed the whole shot because he wanted to debate 1st Amendment rights. We have zoom lenses for a reason. I remember the photo scrums I use to encounter because everyone felt that had to use the widest angle and get nose hairs width from the subject. JMO

If it bleeds, it leads. Media loves to dance in the hardship, pain, death, despair, and blood of others. I can't blame them, a video or recording on a person on the brink of death is always a ratings grabber. Ratings = $$$$$, so the more death, suffering, and despair media can get, the more $$$$ they can make.

What really confuses me is the media outrage when police photos of Nikki Catsouras were leaked to the public. Nikki was a girl who took her dad's sports car and crashed, doing something like 80+MPH, into a toll booth. The police showed up, photos were taken, which were pretty graphic, for the investigation. The photos were shared with a dispatcher, who e-mailed them to a younger relative to show the dangers of driving. Of course that kid e-mailed them all over, and the photos were everywhere before folks knew it.

Every news story I watched about this bashed the state/police for allowing this. However, if this has been a television news station whose own photographer showed up, stood on a public right-of-way, not interfering with the investigation, and filmed, they would be saying the incident was "news," and therefore it would be OK to air the gruesome photos.

Carney may have had a right to catch what could have been death and/or despair of another human being, but it is stuff like this that makes folks upset with the media. As far as 1st Amendment rights, those things are dynamic, and as we see more situations like this, I do wonder how judges will ultimately rule if such actions are protected. Rights have limits, and those limits are decided upon by court rulings. Carney needs to file a lawsuit for the violation of his civil rights, maybe his case will end up in the US Supreme Court and we can get a first/another say in matters such as this.

Cam

When's the last time you saw a dead body on the local news? I watch a lot of TV news and have NEVER seen a dead body on a local story. Ever. So take your tired argument and your complete lack of understanding of the first amendment elsewhere.

You must not have seen the Hurricane Katerina coverage. Lot's of photos of bodies floating face down. Bodies don't necessary float face down, just the ones that publishers chose to put in newspapers.

That cop was dead wrong, reporters film people getting medical treatment EVERY DAY, just turn on the local news and you will see it.

First off, there's no way it's legal to charge him with disobeying a direct order. IF you notice over and over and over again, the guy asked, is that an order, and repeatedly the cop kept saying, "I'm asking" which makes it a request, not an order. I'm suprised no one else has mentioned this on here(unless I simply overlooked it) It was a repeated request, not an order.

I did notice that. Two problems though.
1 - The cop seemed to change it being a request to an order later.
2 - The student journalist stumbled in his argument. When that happens, it seems like you don't know the law and cops think they can railroad you.

Cops just never back down or admit when they're wrong. This cop was so goddamn stupid he should be fired.

You applaud the guy for this??? What you are doing here is really commendable but that guy is just a jackass. Yes, he has the right to film but the EMT was absolutely right. Is it really necessary?

A woman is passed out and vulnerable why do you've to film that? To satisfy your voyeuristic feelings?

Just because you've a right doesn't mean you HAVE to exercise it all the time.

You can certainly take the guy to task for choosing to film, I probably wouldn't have filmed, but that's me. Regardless of your reasoning FOR filming you have the right and some will do it at inopportune times and places, this is the price of a free society.

You take the good with the bad, he may have been a douche for filming but the cop did not act legally and that is a much larger problem for me. The government CANNOT be allowed to violate the laws without penalty and the cop should know the laws, they expect us to. Remember that ignorance of them is no excuse for breaking them, works both ways..

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